Chile

Magellan Telescopes

The center of our galaxy passes directly overhead Las Campanas observatory in northern Chile. Velvet dark night skies and long stretches of clear weather provide extraordinary opportunities to study astronomical objects not visible from the Northern Hemisphere.

That's why the twin Magellan Telescopes, each with a mirror of an enormous 6.5 meters in diameter, provide a sharp view of our own Milky Way Galaxy and of the Universe beyond. Harvard professors and students, and our colleagues at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics find this outpost, located at an altitude of 8000 feet on the fringe of the Atacama Desert, brings them closer to understanding our universe.

Astronomers use Magellan for a wide range of programs, from finding new (small) planets in the solar system, through studies of stars, galaxies, and galaxy clusters, all the way up to measuring the properties of the Universe on the largest scales. My own work at Magellan focuses on determining the properties of the mysterious Dark Energy that appears to be making the expansion of the Universe accelerate.

Observations at Magellan by Kris Stanek and my postdoctoral student Tom Matheson helped crack open the mystery of the origin of gamma ray bursts by showing that, after the light from the burst had faded, there was a supernova at the site of a type we recognized. These events probably mark the formation of a black hole at the center of a massive star.

Harvard faculty, postdoctoral and graduate students are frequent visitors to Chile, with about 140 nights of observing time each year, typically in four- or five- night blocks reserved for them. Some undergraduates have also arranged to work at observatories in Chile and we hope to expand this activity. We are enthusiastic to work with Harvard contacts in Santiago to build closer contacts with Chilean universities, creating greater opportunities for Harvard students to spend time in Chile.

Harvard is a 20% partner in the Magellan Telescopes, completed in 2002 at a cost of $67.5 million. Gifts from Harvard alumni provided the resources for Harvard to join the Magellan Project. About 10% of the observing time on this and most other telescopes in Chile is used by Chilean astronomers, providing them with an extremely valuable resource in return for hosting the observatories.

Harvard is also a member of AURA, the organization that runs the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile for the NSF, and of AUI, the organization that runs the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, which is building the Atacama Large Millimeter Array high on the altiplano in the extreme north of Chile.

Together with our Magellan partners (MIT, Michigan, Arizona, and the Carnegie Observatories) we are exploring the possibilities for the Giant Magellan Telescope with seven huge 8.4 meter mirrors. This could be the world's largest optical and infrared telescope. We hope that Harvard will continue to have an important role in the development of astronomy in Chile.

Robert P. Kirshner is Clowes Professor of Science at Harvard University Joining the Harvard Astronomy Department in 1986, he served as Chairman of the department from1990-1997. He is an author of more than 200 research papers dealing with supernovae, the large-scale distribution of galaxies, and the size and shape of the Universe. He is also the teacher of Science A-35, a core curriculum course for 250 Harvard undergraduates entitled "Matter in the Universe." His recent book, The Extravagant Universe-exploding stars, dark energy, and the accelerating cosmos is just out in paperback from Princeton University Press.